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Santa Maria della Scala (Siena)
Santa Maria della Scala (also referred to as the Hospital, Ospedale, and Spedale) is located in Siena, Italy. Now a museum, it was once an important civic hospital dedicated to caring for abandoned children, the poor, the sick, and pilgrims. Revenues were earned partially from bequests and donations from the citizens of Siena, particularly the wealthy.〔Baron, J. H. "The Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, 1090-1990." BMJ 301 (1990): 1449-1451〕 The head of the hospital was the rector who managed the lay brothers responsible for its operation.〔
Santa Maria della Scala was one of Europe's first hospitals and is one of the oldest hospitals still surviving in the world.〔〔http://www.santamariadellascala.com/w2d3/v3/view/sms2/complesso--24/index_en.html〕 It played a major cultural role and is considered one of Siena's 3 main artistic hubs.〔
==Location==
The Hospital partially gets its name from its position. Located across the Piazza del Duomo from Siena Cathedral, Santa Maria della Scala refers to its position across from the steps that lead into the Cathedral. The Hospital is made up of a complex of buildings.〔Nevola, Fabrizio "Siena: Constructing the Renaissance City" Yale University Press: Singapore, 2007〕 Those buildings have been enlarged and improved upon over the years, yet the Hospital's properties also once included much of the Via del Capitano and land outside the city walls as well as other, smaller hospitals.〔〔 Around the 13th and 14th centuries, the Hospital organized its land into large agricultural estates. This is said to have "represented the largest concentration of land of the Sienese state". This agricultural land helped to financially support the Hospital's works.〔
Particular sections of note include the Church of the Santissima Annuziata, which was built at the end of the 13th century but then completely renovated towards the end of the 15th century, and the Pellegrinaio. The Pellegrinaio (or "Pilgrim's Hall") is the main hall where pilgrims were lodged.〔 It also served as a location for public festivities.〔Timothy Hyman. "Sienese Painting: The Art of a City Republic." Thames & Hudson Inc.: Singapore, 2003.〕 This hall, along with another specifically to house women was built around 1325.〔 The church of the Santissima Annuziata, built during the 13th century, was enlarged during the second part of the 15th century, along with the "vertical expansion" of the Palazzo del Rettore.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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